What is CABG Surgery?

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), commonly known as Heart Bypass Surgery, is a surgical procedure used to treat blockages or narrowing of the coronary arteries. The procedure involves taking a healthy blood vessel from another part of the patient’s body (called a graft) and using it to create a "detour" or bypass around the blocked coronary artery. This bypass aims to provide sufficient nutrients and oxygen supply to ensure the proper functioning of the heart. As a result, oxygen-rich blood can flow freely back to the heart muscle, relieving symptoms and improving overall heart function.

Common blood vessels used as grafts include:

• Internal mammary artery (from the chest wall)
• Great saphenous vein (from the leg)
• Radial artery (from the arm)

In addition to these three, other blood vessels may also be used in certain conditions.

CABG Surgical Procedure

One conventional method of CABG is open-heart surgery. This involves making an incision in the center of the chest to access the heart. During the procedure, a heart-lung machine (also known as a cardiopulmonary bypass machine) is often used. Operated by a perfusionist, this machine temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during the surgery, allowing the surgeon to operate on a non-beating heart.

Another technique is off-pump CABG, which does not involve stopping the heart or using the heart-lung machine. In this method, the surgeon performs the grafting while the heart is still beating.

When is CABG Needed?

• The decision to undergo CABG depends on the severity of the coronary artery blockage, the number and location of the blockages, and the patient’s overall health condition. A doctor may recommend CABG if:
• There is a severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies a large portion of the heart muscle.
• There are blockages in more than one coronary artery.
• The patient has coronary artery disease with reduced heart function, or also suffers from diabetes.
• The patient has complications from coronary artery disease, such as a ruptured heart wall or damaged heart valve muscle.

Main Benefits of CABG Include:

• Symptom Relief: Significantly reduces or eliminates chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath.
• Improved Quality of Life: Enables patients to resume daily activities more comfortably.
• Enhanced Heart Function: Restores adequate blood flow to oxygen-deprived heart muscles.
• Increased Life Expectancy: Especially in severe cases, CABG can extend life expectancy and reduce the risk of future heart attacks.

CABG is a Major Surgery and May Carry Risks Such As:

• Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
• Kidney complications
• Stroke
• Bleeding
• Infections

The Importance of Medical Consultation

Given the complexity and significance of heart bypass surgery (CABG), it is crucial to consult directly with a cardiothoracic surgeon. Through this consultation, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of the procedure, its potential benefits, and the risks or complications that may occur. The decision to undergo CABG should always be based on a thorough evaluation of your health condition and in-depth discussions with the medical team.

Do not hesitate to contact the National Hospital team for assistance with your heart care. We have a team of top heart surgeons supported by complete facilities. For easier consultations, you can download the NH APPS to view doctor schedules and book appointments.